Gang-saw mill.



Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

3 SHEETSSHEBT 1.

. lNVENTOR WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY J. L. GRAHAM. GANG SAW MILL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 26,1908.

Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

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' INVENTOR WITNESSES: 0 5

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/2: /4 2/ ll 1 T 1 31 9 l4 a 9 I6 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 15,1911.

" s'rarns rerun JOHN L. GRAHAM, 0F REYNOLDSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORTO WICKES BROTHERS, OF SAGINAW, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

GANG-SAW MILL.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN L. GRAHAM, a citizen of the United States,residing at Reynoldsville, in the county of Jefierson and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inGang-Saw Mills; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

My invention relates to a new and improved oscillation in gang sawswhereby the top and bottom slides, in which the sash or gate holding thesaws is made to run, are so pivoted and the oscillatory motion impartedto them is so controlled that they impart an approximately even anduniform advance of the saw frame toward the saws as they descend throughthe timber. As the rate of feed of the timber is increased or reducedthe advance or forward oscillationof the saws is increased or diminishedproportionately without changing the extent of the oscillatory movement,either automatically in conjunction with and by the feed, that is, thefeed controlling mechanism of the gang or separately and independently.

My invention differs from all other reciprocating sawing machines inthat in my invention, first :The top and bottom slides are pivoted atany point from front to rear on or nearly on a line passing horizontallythrough the horn pins when the sash is at the highest point reached inthe stroke, which position of the pivots or pins on which the slides arehung, permits the slides to be swung from a backward incline to aforward incline while the sash is near the apex of the stroke withoutperceptibly swinging the sash; thus allowing the crank which operatesthe saws up and down to pass over the top center without perceptiblychanging the position of the sash forward or backward and when the crankwhich operates the slides forward and backward is properly set, allowsthe slides to be swung ahead to approximately the proper incline to makethe saws descend with but little advance at the start to meet thetimber, but gradually increasing to near the middle of the stroke, thendecreasing to near the end of the stroke, in such a manner that the sawteeth all receive a uniform depth of cut I Specification of LettersPatent.

Application filed March 26, 1908.

Patented A11 15, 1911.

Serial No. 423,486.

or length of chip; then recede quickly backward from the constantlyin-feeding timber on the ascending stroke. The'saws recede alike, bothtop and bottom, well back from the timber and then go up free and clear.

Second :The saws do not depend on the overhang or rake to free them onthe upstroke from the continually advancing feed, neither do they dependon the rake or overhang for more or less cut, but are entirelycontrolled by the oscillating mechanism and whether receding oradvancing, the saws are plumb.

Third :I employ a controlling device, by which the amount of incline orforward swing of all the slides is automatically controlled and properlypositioned for a given amount of feed and the amount of such forwardswing is changed simultaneously with a change in feed.

In machines of this character the timber is fed to the saws at a uniformrate of speed. The saws are reciprocated vertically by a crank andpitman and consequently the speed of the saw is less at the extremitiesof its stroke than during the intermediate portion. It is necessary inmachines of this class to provide means for moving the saw bodilyforward or toward the timber during the down or cutting stroke, in orderthat thesa'w may cut into the timber a suflicient distance so that itcan regain the top limit of travel before the constantly-advancing endwall of the kerf in the timber can reach the saw teeth. An additionalfunction of the forward and backward movement is to clear the teeth ofsawdust. The forward movement of the saw during the down-stroke has beenaccomplished in various ways, generally by mounting the reciprocatingsaw-frame in guides that are forwardly 1 inclined. These guides haveheretofore been made in some machines fixed, and in other machinesoscillatory.

The object of my invention is to regulate the advance of the saws towardthe timber according to the speed of travel of the saws. In other words,I advance the saws toward the constantly in-feeding timber only a slightamount during the comparatively slow travel of the saws at the beginningof the stroke, then as the speed of travel of the saw nears its maximumrate at the middle of the stroke I advance the saw faster toward thetimber and finally as the rate of speed of the saw decreases toward thelower end of the cutting stroke I gradually reduce the rate of advance,and just before the saw reaches the bottom of the stroke the ad- Vanceceases and the saw is quickly drawn back to pull the teeth away from thecut, thereby freeing them of sawdust and permitting the saw to rise freeand clear. The saw does not depend upon an overhang or rake to eifectits advance into the timber on the down-stroke or to free it on the upstroke from the continually in-feeding timher, but its movement iswholly controlled by the oscillating mechanism and is effected in such amanner that the saw always remains plumb. I accommodate the variablespeed of the saw to the constant speed of the timber so that each toothof the saw that enters the timber cuts a chip of the same length asevery other tooth and each tooth cuts the same length of chipcontinuously while it is in the timber. This is true through practicallythe entire stroke of the saw. The strain is, therefore, distributed moreequally on the teeth and choking of the throats between the teeth isavoided.

Another object of my invention is to cause the saw to make under allrates of feed, a full cut, that is, a cut in which the saw teethcommence cutting immediately when they commence the down stroke. Toeffect this result I provide means by which I vary the speed of advanceof the saw toward the timber as the rate of feed of the timber isvaried.

The present device makes it possible to feed the timber through fasterbecause the saw commences cutting at the very begin ning of the downstroke. It starts with a full cut at the top of the stroke and maintainsthat full cut clear to the bottom. By full out is meant that the sawmeets the advancing face of-the kerf just as the saw starts downward andmeets that kerf in an upright position os contrasted with the raking orrocking out in previous machines. The result is that every tooththroughoutthe depth of the cant is immediately put into action and eachtooth does its share of the work.

The ratio of forward thrust to downward speed is maintained practicallyconstant throughout the cutting stroke, thereby insuring that all teethwill cut chips of equal length, which is equivalent to saying that themaximum cutting capacity of the saw is utilized while the strains in thesaw are uniformly distributed.

A further object is to effect a variation in the speed of the advancethrust or forward movement of the saw toward the timber automaticallyand simultaneously with any variation in the speed with which the timberis fed to the saw. I That is, I vary the incline of the'slides relativeto a fixed vertical line. This may be accomplished during theoscillation of the slides.

To these and other ends, my invention consists in. certain novelfeatures and combinations, such as will be more fully describedhereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional viewshowing the inner face of one side frame of a gang saw equipped with myinvention; Fig. 2 is a side view showing the exterlor face of a gangsaw; Fig. 3 is a rear view, and Fig. 4 is a detail perspective view.

(A) indicates the side frame of a gang saw in which are journaled thefeed rolls (1) (1). To eachside frame (A) are pivotally secured one eachof a pan of upper and a pair of lower slides (2) (2). These slidescomprise ways in which are received the horn pins (3) carried by thevertically -reciprocating saw sash (4:) The upper pair of slides areloosely mounted on stub shafts (5) The lower pair of slides aresimilarly mounted'on a shaft (5) extending between the side frames. Thestub shafts and the shaft (5) are each reduced eccentrically at thepoints where the slides are journaled, for a purpose hereinafter setforth. The shafts are suitably journaled in the side frames and lie insubstantially the same horizontal planes as the horn pins (8) when thelatter are at their highest limits of movement.

By pivoting the top and bottom pairs of slides at any point from frontto rear of the slides, on or nearly on a line passing horizontallythrough the horn pins carried by the sash and receivedin the slides,when the horn pins (and consequently the sash) are at the highest pointreached in their stroke, the slides can be swung from a rearwardlyinclined position to a forwardly inclined position without perceptiblyswinging the sash itself. Therefore, when the saws start down they moveon an easy, gradual forward incline, producing a smooth easy entrance ofthe teeth into the timber at the commencement of the down stroke. Whenthe linkage connecting the slides to the rock shaft is properlyadjusted, the slides are swung to their forwardly-inclined position asthe crank passes over its top dead center. At least one slide of eachpair is connected by a linkage to an oscillatory member, in order thatthe slides may be swung simultaneously back and forth. As one suchlinkage I may provide the following construction: Journaled on and eX-tending between the side frames is a main rock shaft- (6) provided withradial arms (8) located at an angle to each other. A connecting link(10) extends from the arm to a similar arm (11) on S60 ondary rock shaft(12) j ournaled on and extending between the side frames parallel withthe main rock shaft. The second rock shaft is provided with a radial arm(13) and rods (14) connect the arms (9) and (13) with at least onemember of the respective pairs of slides. (2) (2). Motion imparted tothe main rock shaft is transmitted through the above-described linkageto the slides to swing them back and forth.

The sash (4) carrying the saws is connected to the main drive shaft (15)by a pitman (18) and crank (19). In order to connect the rock shaft tothe drive shaft, whereby to synchronize the movement of the saws withthe movement of the slides, I actuate the main rock shaft by means of acrank arm (16) eccentrically connected to the drive shaft by means of alink (17). Preferably the rock shaft is so arranged that the slidesoperated by it reach the limit of their forward oscillation and start ontheir backward movement before the saws have quite reached the limit oftheir down stroke.

The above-described mechanism effects a. simultaneous forward orbackward swing of the upper and lower slides as the saws travel down ontheir cutting and up on their idle strokes respectively, the sawsthemselves remaining vertical during their entire movement. The forwardinclination of the slides will advance the saws but little toward thetimber at the commencement of their down stroke, because the horn pinsare in approximately the same horizontal planes as are the shafts (5)supporting the slides. As the saws continue on the first half of theirdownward stroke, however, the constantly-increasing inclination of theslides toward the timber causes the saws to advance toward the timbermore rapidly than they advanced at the commencement of the cuttingstroke. After the saws have attained and passed their highest rate ofspeed the forward oscillation of the rock shaft (6) isfirst checkedwhile the pitman (18) is on its dead center and the direction ofoscillation is then reversed, swinging the slides and the saws rapidlyaway from the timber as the saw approaches and reaches its lower limitof movement.

The speed of the timber is constant for any given rate of feed, but thespeed of the saw is variable, being slower at the commencement andending of its cutting stroke than during the intermediate portion. Thetimber is being constantly fed in while the saws are traveling upward ontheir idle stroke, as well as when the saws are on their cutting stroke.If, as in previous devices, the saw is quickly advanced at the beginningof the cutting stroke toward the constantly infeeding timber, the firstteeth engaging the timber have more work to do and cut a larger chipthan do those teeth that engage the timber later in the stroke. Thisnecessitates making the saws heavy enough and strong enough to withstandthe strain of cutting such an excessively long chip. In my invention thespeed of advance of the saw toward the timber is at all timesproportioned to the varying speed of travel of the saw and the rate offeed of the timber so that each tooth cuts a practically uniform lengthof chip as long as it engages the timber, and the strain is evenlydivided. Furthermore, as above noted, the saws are not inclined relativeto the timber, but remain plumb throughout their stroke.

It is often desirable to vary the rate of feed of the timber to the sawsand hence it becomes necessary to vary the speed of advancement of thesaws toward the timber on their cutting stroke simultaneously with thechange in the rate of feed of the timber. While this adjustment may beaccomplished by hand, I may prefer to connect the feedcontrollingmechanism with a means for varying the speed of advance of the sawstoward the timber by adjusting the position of the arc of travel of theslides. This may be done by shifting the pivotal support of the slides,resulting in what I shall term a change in the incline of the slides orby varying the location of the arc of oscillation of the slides. Thislatter arrangement is attained by varying the position of the arctraversed by the cranks 9 and 13 and is fully set forth in my co-pendingapplications, Serial Nos. 423,484, and 423,485, filed March 26, 1908.

As one means for shifting the location of the pivotal points of theslides and consequently shifting the incline of the slides, I mayprovide the following mechanism. The feed rolls (1) (1) are rotated by apinion (20) meshing with gears (21) (21) on'the roll shafts. The pinionis driven by a bevel gear (22), which in turn meshes witha bevel pinion(23) on a shaft (24). A friction-wheel (25) is slidably feathered on theshaft and the wheel engages a driving disk (26). A slidingly-actuatedrod (27) is pro vided with an arm (28) engaging the hub of thefriction-wheel (25). The rod controls the position of thefriction-wheel. relative to its driving disk. The location of thefriction-wheel relative to its disk controls the rate of feed of thetimber toward the saws.

In my invention, I provide the following mechanism as one of a number ofpossible means for connecting the timber-feed-controlling mechanism andthe mechanism controlling the oscillation and speed of advance of thesaws toward the timber. A rack (29) meshes with a gear (not shown) on ashaft (31) controlled by the hand-wheel This rack is connected to abroken lever consisting of sections (33) (34) pivotally connected as at(35). The free end of section (34) is pivotally secured to the sideframe, as at The rod 27 is pivotally connected to the remaining section(33) of the broken lever on one side of the pivotal connection of therack (29) and the section (33). The free end of section (33) ispivotally secured to a bar (37) connecting the free ends of arms (38)(38) fastened to the projecting ends of the eccentrically journaledshaft (5) and the stub shafts (5) respectively supporting the slides(2). Similar arms and a connecting bar are located on the opposite sideof the frame. The bar 37) lies parallel with the rod (27). It isunderstood for the purposes of this application that the wordseccentrically journaled as applied to the shafts embrace any means forsupporting the shafts, whereby a back-andforth movement may be giventhem.

The operation of the adjustment is as follows: When it is desired tochange the rate of feed of timber to the saws the hand wheel (32) isrotated in one direction or the other to shift the position of thefriction wheel (25) relative to the disk (26) through the rack (29'),the broken lever and the rod (27). Movement of the broken lever willmove the connecting bar (37) in one direction or the other to swing thearms (38) which control the position of the shafts (5) and (5). The armsare thereby caused to oscillate the shafts (5) and (5). Oscillation ofthe shafts will tilt the upper and lower slides (2) (2) simultaneouslytoward or from the advancing timber on the pivotal connections of therods (14) with the slides as centers, thereby shifting the angle ofinclination of the slides toward or from the in-feeding timber insynchronism with the rate of feed of the timber without materiallychanging the position of the arc of movement traversed by the free endsof the slides. The length of the are described by the free ends of theslides is always the same, but the above-described adjustment suitablyshifts the angle of inclination of the slides relatively to a verticalline so that, as previously described, the saw is caused to cut chips ofuniform length throughout its full stroke, because the proper relationis maintained between the forward advance of the saw and the rate offeed of the timber.

The advantages gained by the above adjustment arefirst, that the forwardadvance of the saws is synchronously adjusted with any alteration in therate of feed of the timber. Second, that the mechanism for adjusting theslides is not affected by the oscillation of the slides, but remainsstationary unless the hand-wheel is actuated, thus obviating unnecessarywear and friction. The adjusting mechanism for varying the inclinationof the slides is wholly independent of the slide or oscillatingmechanism. The

parts remain in their adjusted positions until reset. Furthermore, byconnecting the slides to the oscillating mechanism and to the mechanismfor varying the inclination of the slides the latter are moved evenlyand simultaneously without strain on the sash.

In former machines, if the rate of feed of the timber is reduced, thespeed of travel of the saw remaining unchanged, the timber will notreach the saw until the latter has partially completed its cuttingstroke, thus wasting a portion of the stroke without correspondinglyeasing the strain on the saw. In my invention, the angle of inclinationof the slides is automatically changed simultaneously with the rate offeed of the timber so that the saw will engage the timber at thecommencement of the cutting stroke, and the inclination of the slidesmay be shifted while the machine is in operation. The changing of theangle of inclination is obtained by shifting the vertex of the angle(the pivotal point of the slide) laterally.

Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim as new is 1. Agang saw mill comprising a plurality of pairs of pivotally supportedslides, means for oscillating the slides through a constant arc ofmovement, and means independent of the oscillating means for shiftingthe positions of the angles of movement of all the slidessimultaneously.

2. In a gang saw, a plurality of pairs of swinging slides, eccentricbearings on which the slides are pivotally supported, means for swingingthe slides through a constant arc, and means connecting the eccentricbearings for simultaneously shifting the positions of the angles ofmovement of such slides.

3. In a gang saw, a plurality of pairs of pivotally supported slides,means for oscillating the slides through a constant are of movement,feed mechanism, and means independent of the oscillating mechanism andconnected with the feed mechanism to automatically shift the positionsof the angles of movement of the slides when the rate of feed ischanged;

4. In a gang saw, a plurality of pairs of swinging slides, eccentricbearings on which the slides are pivotally supported, means for swingingthe slides through a constant arc of movement, feed mechanism, and meanscontrolled by the feed mechanism and connected to the eccentric bearingsfor simultaneously shifting the positions of the anglesof movement ofthe slides when the rate of feed is changed.

5. In a gang saw, a sash, horn pins carried by the sash, slides in whichthe horn pins are received, the slides being pivotally supported on theframe at points in substantially the same horizontal plane with the hornpins when the latter are at their upper limit of movement, means forswinging the slides through a constant arc, and means for simultaneouslyshifting the pivotal supports of said slides laterally to vary the angleof "inclination of said slides and consequently the amount of advanceimparted to the saw.

6. The combination with a gang saw frame, and a sash, of a plurality ofpairs of slides, and horn pins carried by the sash and traveling in theslides, the slides being pivotally mounted on eccentric pins at a pointsubstantially in the same horizontal plane with the horn pins when thelatter are at the upper end of their stroke.

7. In a gang saw, a sash, horn pins carried by the sash, a pair of upperand a pair of lower slides pivotally secured to the frame at points insubstantially the same horizontal plane with the horn pins when 'thelatter are at their upper limit of movement, and means connecting thepairs of slides to swing them simultaneously.

8. The combination with a gang saw frame, and a sash carrying horn pins,of pairs of slides in which the horn pins are received, the slides beingpivotally mounted at points in substantially horizontal alinement withthe horn pins when the latter are at the upper limits of their movement,means for oscillating at least one pair of the slides, and means forsimultaneously shifting the pivotal points of the slides substantiallyhorizontally.

9. The combination with a gang saw frame, and a sash carrying horn pins,of a pair of slides in which the horn pins are received, the slidesbeing pivotally mounted at points in substantially horizontal alinementwith the horn pins when the latter are at the upper limits of theirmovement, the saw remaining plumb at all times, means for oscillatingthe slides, feed mechanism, means controlling the rate of feed, andmeans for simultaneously shifting the pivotal points of the slidesforward or backward synchronously with a change in the rate of feed.

10. A gang saw mill comprising pivotally supported slides, saws guidedby the slides and held plumb at all times, means for feeding the timberto the saws at any desired speed, means for swinging the slides througha constant are to advance the saws toward and cause their recession fromthe timber, and means for varying the effect of the swing of the slidesupon their inclination from the vertical, to change the speed of advanceand amount of advance of the saws toward the timber simultaneously withthe variation in the rate of feed of the timber to the saws and withoutvarying the arc of movement of the slides.

11. In a gang saw, a pair of upper and a pair of lowerpivotally-supported slides, a saw sash received and traveling in theslides, means for simultaneously swinging both pairs of slides throughan arc of constant length, and means apart from the oscillating meansfor varying the effect of such oscillation on all of the slidessimultaneously.

12. A gang saw mill comprising a frame, a plurality of pairs ofpivotally-supported slides, a saw sash slidingly received and travelingin the slides, means connecting the slides to maintain them in fixedrelation with each other at all times, and impart a swinging movementthrough an arc of constant length simultaneously to them all, a feedroll, means for driving the feed roll, and mechanism for varyingsimultaneously the speed of rotation of the roll and the positions ofthe angles of movement of the slides to increase or lessen the advanceof the saw.

18. In a gang saw, pairs of pivotally supported slides, a saw sashslidably received in the slides, a rock shaft, a linkage connecting oneof each pair of slides and the rock shaft, means for oscillating therock shaft, and means for simultaneously shifting the positions of theangles of movement of the slides to increase or lessen the advance ofthe saw.

14:. A gang saw comprising pairs of slides,

pivoted, means for oscillating the slides,

mechanism for feeding in the timber, and adjusting means connected tothe shafts for simultaneously varying the positions of the shafts andtherefore of the angles of movement of the slides to increase or lessenthe advance of the saw.

16. A gang saw comprising pairs of slides, shafts on which the slidesare eccentrically pivoted, a saw sash, horn pins carried by the sash andreceived in the slides, the shafts lying in substantially the samehorizontal planes as the horn pins when the latter are at their upperlimits of movement, means for oscillating the slides, arms fast on theshafts, bars connecting the arms, and means for actuating one of thebars to impart movement simultaneously to the shafts.

17. A gang saw comprising pairs of slides, shafts on which the slidesare eccentrically pivoted, means for oscillating the slides, a timberfeeding mechanism, means for varying the rate of feed of the timber,arms on the shafts, a bar connecting the arms, and a lever actuated bythe feed controlling means and secured to the bar.

18. The combination with a gang saw, of a plurality of pairs ofpivotally supported slides, means for positively oscillating at leastone pair of the slides, and means apart from the oscillating means forshifting the pivotal centers of both pairs of slides laterally andsimultaneously to change the amount of advance of the saw toward thecant.

19. The combination with a gang saw, of pairs of pivotally supportedslides, a sash carrying saws, horn pins carried by the sash andreceivable in the slides, the slides being pivoted at pointsapproximately in a horizontal plane with the horn pins when the latterare at or near the upper limit of their movement, means for oscillatingthe slides through a constant arc, and means independent of theoscillating means for changing the positions of the centers of the arcsof movement of the slides simultaneously.

20. The combination wit-h a gang saw, of pairs of pivotally supportedslides, a sash carrying saws, horn pins carried by the sash andreceivable in the slides, the slides being pivoted at pointsapproximately in a horizontal plane with the horn pins when the latterare at or near the upper limit of their movement, means for oscillatingthe slides through a constant arc, means for feeding a cant to the saws,means controlling the rate of feed, and means independent of theoscillating means and connected with the feed controlling means forchanging the positions of the centers of the arcs of move-' ment of theslides simultaneously and synchronously with a change in the rate offeed. V

21. In a gang saw, a plurality of pairs of slides, a sash, horn pins onthe sash and receivable in the slides, eccentrics .on which the slidesare pivoted, the eccentrics located on a plane approximately inhorizontal alinement with thehornpins when the latter are at the top oftheir stroke, and means for simultaneously swinging the eccentrics.

22. A gang saw comprising pairs of slides, shafts on which the slidesare eccentrically pivoted, means for oscillating the slides, a timberfeeding mechanism, means for varying the rate of feed of the timber,arms on the shafts, a bar connecting the arms, and a connection betweenthe feed controlling means and the bar.

23. The combination with a gang saw' frame, and a sash, of a pluralityof pairs of slides, and horn pins carried by the sash and traveling inthe slides, the slides being pivotally mounted on laterally shiftablesupports at points on substantially the same horizontal planes with thehorn pins when the latter are at the upper limits of their movement.

24. The combination with a gang saw frame, and'a sash, of a plurality ofpairs of slides, and hornpins carried by the sash and traveling in theslides, the slides being pivotally mounted on laterally shiftablesupports at points on substantially the same horizontal planes with thehornpins when the latter are at the upper-limits of their movement, andmeans for shifting the pivotal supports of the slides while maintainingthe arc of movement traversed by the free ends thereof, practicallyconstant.

25. A gang saw comprising a sash, horn pins carried by the sash, slidesin which the horn pins are received, means for reciprocating the sash,feed mechanism, means con trolling the rate of feed, the slides beingpivotally mounted on laterally shiftable supports at pointson,substantially the same horizontal planes With the horn pins when thelatter are at the upper limits of their movement, means for swinging atleast one pair of slides, and means for shifting the pivotal supports ofthe slides simultaneously with a change'in the rate of feed whilemaintaining the arc of movement of the free ends of the slidespractically constant.

26. The combination with a gang saw frame, pairs of slides, a sash,means for reciprocating the sash, and horn pins carried by the sash andreceived in the slides, of pivot shafts each comprising a suitablyjournaled cylindrical portion and a projection eccentric thereto, theslides journaled on the eccentric projections, and means for at leastpartially rotating the shafts.

27. Thecombination with a gang saw frame, pairs of slides, a sash, meansfor re ci-procating the sash, and horn pins carried by the sash andreceived in the slides, of

stub shafts in the upper ends of the opposite sides of the frame, athrough shaft extending between the sides of the frame below andparallel with the stub shafts, eccentrics on the inner ends ofthe stubshafts and on the through shaft, the slides journaled on the eccentrics,and'meansconnecting the shafts to operate them in unison.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

JOHN L. GRAHAM.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, DJ 0.

